The Inca Being Carried on a Litter from El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno 

Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, an Inca nobleman, illustrated  El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, which is a critical account of Spanish rule in Peru. He was born shortly after the Spanish conquest of Peru, and was taught to read and write by his mestizo priest half brother. From 1594 to 1600 he represented his family in a land dispute, claiming land outside of the town of Huamanga, but he was eventually accused of misrepresenting his nobility and his claim. His punishment included 200 lashes and two years of exile from Huamanga. This experience inspired him to work on behalf of other indigenous people involved in judicial suits and to create El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno. It comprised 1,189 pages and included 398 drawings. The work discusses the clash and convergence of Inca and Spanish cultures following the conquest. 

This image depicts Inca royalty being carried on a litter. The Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois notes: “The Inca didn't use wheels or carts. People using the roads walked and herded caravans of llamas from one place to another. But Inca royalty and officials didn't walk; servants carried them on litters".